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I know there are a few tricks to getting aircraft to behave as VTOLs, at least to some extent, as I've seen it done several times. After about 12 hour's experimentation, I got takeoff down to 14 knots, but two problems exist.
1) The aircraft has immense nose-high tenancies in lateral flight. Easily counteracted with trim, but it takes a lot.
2) There is no feasible way to land in non-lateral flight. Dropping the flaps just one notch results in immediate over-stress.
Any suggestions?
cfg derived from KingAir 350:
cfg:
Relevant air file variables:
cl_df_lift-Flaps: 50
cm_df Pitch moment- Flaps -0.5
1) The aircraft has immense nose-high tenancies in lateral flight. Easily counteracted with trim, but it takes a lot.
2) There is no feasible way to land in non-lateral flight. Dropping the flaps just one notch results in immediate over-stress.
Any suggestions?
cfg derived from KingAir 350:
cfg:
Code:
< Irrelevant stuff (views, fltsims)>
[WEIGHT_AND_BALANCE]
max_gross_weight = 15000 // (pounds)
empty_weight = 3030 // (pounds)
reference_datum_position = 0.0, 0, 0 // (feet) distance from FlightSim Reference position: (1/4 chord, centerline, waterline)
empty_weight_CG_position = 3.0, 0, 0 // (feet) longitudinal, lateral, vertical distance from specified datum
max_number_of_stations = 50
station_load.0 = 170, 3, 0, 0.0 //Weight (lbs), longitudinal, lateral, vertical positions from datum (feet)
station_load.1 = 170, 3, 0, 0.0 //Weight (lbs), longitudinal, lateral, vertical positions from datum (feet)
station_name.0 = "Pilot"
station_name.1 = "Co-Pilot"
;Moments of Inertia
empty_weight_pitch_MOI = 5000
empty_weight_roll_MOI = 5000
empty_weight_yaw_MOI = 36500
empty_weight_coupled_MOI= 0.0
[flight_tuning]
cruise_lift_scalar = 1.0
parasite_drag_scalar = 1.0
induced_drag_scalar = 1.0
elevator_effectiveness = 2.5
aileron_effectiveness = 10.0
rudder_effectiveness = 1.0
pitch_stability = 2.5
roll_stability = 5.0
yaw_stability = 1.0
elevator_trim_effectiveness = 1.0
aileron_trim_effectiveness = 1.0
rudder_trim_effectiveness = 1.0
[GeneralEngineData]
engine_type = 5 //0=Piston, 1=Jet, 2=None, 3=Helo-Turbine, 4=Rocket, 5=Turboprop
Engine.0 = -3, -4.8, 0.5 //(feet) longitudinal, lateral, vertical distance from reference datum
Engine.1 = -3, 4.8, 0.5 //(feet) longitudinal, lateral, vertical distance from reference datum
fuel_flow_scalar = 1.0 //Scalar for fuel flow efficiency
min_throttle_limit = -0.25; //Minimum percent throttle. Generally negative for turbine reverser
[propeller]
thrust_scalar = 2.0 //Propeller thrust scalar
propeller_type = 0 //0=Constant Speed, 1=Fixed Pitch
propeller_diameter = 8.8 //Propeller Diameter, (feet)
propeller_blades = 4 //Number of propeller blades
propeller_moi = 24 //Propeller moment of inertia
beta_max = 45 //Maximum blade pitch angle for constant speed prop, (degrees)
beta_min = 15.2 //Minimum blade pitch angle for constant speed prop, (degrees)
min_gov_rpm = 25520 //Miminum governed RPM
prop_tc = 0.004 //Prop time-constant
gear_reduction_ratio = 17.6 //Propeller gear reduction ratio
fixed_pitch_beta = 0 //Fixed pitch angle of fixed pitch prop, (degrees)
low_speed_theory_limit = 80 //Speed at which low speed theory becomes blended in (feet/second)
prop_sync_available = 1 //Prop synchronization available? 0=FALSE, 1=TRUE
prop_deice_available = 1 //Prop de-icing available? 0=FALSE, 1=TRUE
prop_feathering_available= 1 //Prop feathering available? 0=FALSE, 1=TRUE
prop_auto_feathering_available= 1 //Prop auto-feathering available? 0=FALSE, 1=TRUE
min_rpm_for_feather = 700 //Minimum RPM for prop feathering
beta_feather = 79.3 //Feathering pitch angle (degrees)
power_absorbed_cf = 0.9 //Coefficient of friction for power absorbed by propeller
defeathering_accumulators_available= 0 //Defeathering accumulators available? 0=FALSE, 1=TRUE
prop_reverse_available = 1 //Prop reverse available? 0=FALSE, 1=TRUE
minimum_on_ground_beta = 1.0 //Miminum pitch angle on ground, (degrees)
minimum_reverse_beta = -14.0 //Minimum pitch angle in reverse, (degrees)
[TurbineEngineData]
fuel_flow_gain = 0.011 //Gain on fuel flow
inlet_area = 1.0 //Square Feet, engine nacelle inlet area
rated_N2_rpm = 29920 //RPM, second stage compressor rated value
static_thrust = 158 //Lbs, max rated static thrust at Sea Level
[turboprop_engine]
power_scalar = 1.0 //Scalar on Turboprop power
maximum_torque = 3270 //Maximum torque available (ft-lbs)
PowerSpecificFuelConsumption = 0.55 //Brake power specific fuel consumption (turboprop only)
[electrical]
;BusType, MaxAmpLoad, MinVoltage BusTypes:0=MainBus,1=AvionicsBus,2=BatteryBus,3=HotBatteryBus,4-7=Generator/AlternatorBus(1-4)
flap_motor = 0, 5 , 17.0
gear_motor = 0, 5 , 17.0
autopilot = 0, 5 , 17.0
avionics_bus = 0, 5 , 17.0
avionics = 1, 5 , 17.0
pitot_heat = 0, 2 , 17.0
additional_system = 0, 2 , 17.0
marker_beacon = 1, 2 , 17.0
gear_warning = 0, 2 , 17.0
fuel_pump = 0, 5 , 17.0
starter1 = 0, 20, 17.0
light_nav = 0, 5 , 17.0
light_beacon = 0, 5 , 17.0
light_landing = 0, 5 , 17.0
light_taxi = 0, 5 , 17.0
light_strobe = 0, 5 , 17.0
light_panel = 0, 5 , 17.0
//0 Class <0=none,1=wheel, 2=scrape, 3=float>
//1 Longitudinal Position (feet)
//2 Lateral Position (feet)
//3 Vertical Position (feet)
//4 Impact Damage Threshold (Feet Per Minute)
//5 Brake Map (0=None, 1=Left, 2=Right)
//6 Wheel Radius (feet)
//7 Steer Angle (degrees)
//8 Static Compression (feet) (0 if rigid)
//9 Max/Static Compression Ratio
//10 Damping Ratio (0=Undamped, 1=Critically Damped)
//11 Extension Time (seconds)
//12 Retraction Time (seconds)
//13 Sound Type
//14 Airspeed limit for retraction (KIAS)
//15 Airspeed that gear gets damage at (KIAS)
[contact_points]
<contact points stuff>
static_pitch = 0.2
static_cg_height = 4.3
gear_system_type=1 //Hydraulic
[gear_warning_system]
gear_warning_available = 1 //Normal
pct_throttle_limit = 0.1 //Percent throttle that activates warning
flap_limit_idle = 15.0 //Flap angle that activates warning at idle
flap_limit_power = 30.0 //Flap angle that activates warning at above idle
[brakes]
parking_brake = 1 //Parking brake available
toe_brakes_scale = 1.0 //Brake scalar
auto_brakes = 0
[hydraulic_system]
normal_pressure = 3000.0 //PSI
electric_pumps = 0 //no electric pumps
engine_map = 1,1,0,0 //pumps on Eng1,2
[Views]
eyepoint = 4.3, -1.20, 3.35
[flaps.0]
type = 1 // 1 - tail, 2 - lead
span-outboard = 0.5 // 0.0 .. 1.0
extending-time = 15 // seconds
flaps-position.0 = 0 // degrees
flaps-position.1 = 8 // degrees
flaps-position.2 = 16 // degrees
flaps-position.3 = 24 // degrees
flaps-position.4 = 32 // degrees
flaps-position.5 = 40 // degrees
damaging-speed = 250 // KIAS
blowout-speed = 300 // KIAS
[Radios]
// Radio Type = availiable, standby frequency, has glide slope
Audio.1 = 1
Com.1 = 1, 0
Com.2 = 1, 0
Nav.1 = 1, 0, 1
Nav.2 = 1, 0, 0
Adf.1 = 1
Transponder.1 = 1
Marker.1 = 1
[keyboard_response]
//Breakpoint speeds (knots) on the keyboard increments of control surfaces.
//Speed at which the incremenet is reduced to 1/2 and 1/8 respectively.
elevator = 150, 250
aileron = 150, 250
rudder = 150, 250
[direction_indicators]
//1 Type: 0=None, 1=Vacuum Gyro, 2=Electric Gyro, 3=Electro-Mag Slaved Compass, 4=Slaved to another
//2 Indicator number of slaving indicator if Type = 4
direction_indicator.0=3,0
[attitude_indicators]
//Type: 0=None, 1=Vacuum Gyro, 2=Electric Gyro
attitude_indicator.0 = 1
[turn_indicators]
//Type: 0=None, 1=Electric Gyro, 2= Vacuum Gyro
turn_indicator.0=1,0
[vacuum_system]
max_pressure=5.15 //PSI
vacuum_type=2 //Type: 0=None, 1=Engine pump (default), 2=Pneumatic, 3=Venturi
[pneumatic_system]
max_pressure=18.000000
bleed_air_scalar=1.000000
[pitot_static]
vertical_speed_time_constant = 1 //Increasing this value will cause a more instantaneous reaction in the VSI
pitot_heat = 1.0 //Scalar on heat effectiveness, 0 = not available
[LIGHTS]
//Types: 1=beacon, 2=strobe, 3=navigation, 4=cockpit
light.0 = 3, 0.56, -28.41, 1.97, fx_navred ,
light.1 = 3, 0.56, 28.41, 1.97, fx_navgre ,
light.2 = 3, -31.20, 0.00, 9.75, fx_navwhi ,
light.3 = 2, 0.89, -28.48, 1.87, fx_strobe ,
light.4 = 2, 0.89, 28.48, 1.87, fx_strobe ,
light.5 = 1, -26.30, 0.00, 9.89, fx_beacon ,
light.6 = 2, -4.55, 0.00, -1.85, fx_strobe ,
light.7 = 4, 4.91, 0.00, 1.64, fx_vclight,
[EFFECTS]
wake=fx_wake
water=fx_spray
dirt=fx_tchdrt
concrete=fx_sparks
touchdown=fx_tchdwn_s, 1
[fuel]
LeftMain = 0.0, -14.5, -1.0, 190.0, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
LeftAux = 0.0, -6.0, -1.5, 79.5, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
RightMain = 0.0, 14.5, -1.0, 190.0, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
RightAux = 0.0, 6.0, -1.5, 79.5, 0.0 //Longitudinal (feet), Lateral (feet), Vertical (feet), Usable(gallons), Unusable (gallons)
fuel_type = 2 //Fuel type: 1 = Avgas, 2 = JetA
number_of_tank_selectors = 1
electric_pump=1
[airplane_geometry]
wing_area = 310.0 //Square feet
wing_span = 57.2 //Feet
wing_root_chord = 5.4 //Feet
wing_dihedral = 6.0 //Degrees
wing_incidence = 1.0 //Degrees
wing_twist = -1.5 //Degrees
oswald_efficiency_factor= 0.7 //Measure of lift effeciency of wing
wing_winglets_flag = 1 //Are winglets available?
wing_sweep = 1.0 //Degrees, wing leading edge
wing_pos_apex_lon = 2.1 //Feet, longitudinal distance from reference point, negative going aft
wing_pos_apex_vert = 0.0 //Feet, vertical distance from reference point, positive going up
htail_area = 67.0 //Square feet
htail_span = 17.2 //Feet
htail_pos_lon = -22.6 //Feet, longitudinal distance from reference point, negative going aft
htail_pos_vert = 0.0 //Feet, vertical distance from reference point, positive going up
htail_incidence = 0.5 //Degrees
htail_sweep = 20.0 //Degrees, horizontal tail leading edge
vtail_area = 42.0 //Square feet
vtail_span = 7.4 //Feet, tip to body
vtail_sweep = 40.0 //Degrees, vertical tail leading edge
vtail_pos_lon = -20.5 //Feet, longitudinal distance from reference point, negative going aft
vtail_pos_vert = 4.1 //Feet, vertical distance from reference point, positive going up
elevator_area = 17.0 //Square feet
aileron_area = 13.5 //Square feet
rudder_area = 7.3 //Square feet
elevator_up_limit = 17.0 //Degrees
elevator_down_limit = 15.5 //Degrees
aileron_up_limit = 18.0 //Degrees
aileron_down_limit = 18.0 //Degrees
rudder_limit = 30.0 //Degrees
elevator_trim_limit = 15.0 //Degrees
spoiler_limit = 0.0 //Degrees
spoilerons_available = 0 //Spoilerons Available?
aileron_to_spoileron_gain = 0 //Aileron to spoileron gain
min_ailerons_for_spoilerons = 0 //Degrees
min_flaps_for_spoilerons = 0 //Minimum flap handle position when spoilerons activate
auto_spoiler_available = 0
positive_g_limit_flaps_up = 3.0 //Design G load tolerance (positive, flaps up)
positive_g_limit_flaps_down= 2.0 //Design G load tolerance (positive, flaps down)
negative_g_limit_flaps_up = -2.0 //Design G load tolerance (negative, flaps up)
negative_g_limit_flaps_down= -2.0 //Design G load tolerance (negative, flaps down)
load_safety_factor = 1.5 //Design G load safety factor
[Reference Speeds]
flaps_up_stall_speed = 96.0 //Knots True (KTAS)
full_flaps_stall_speed = 76.8 //Knots True (KTAS)
cruise_speed = 300.0 //Knots True (KTAS)
max_mach = 0.58
max_indicated_speed = 263 //Red line (KIAS)
<More irrelevant stuff>Relevant air file variables:
cl_df_lift-Flaps: 50
cm_df Pitch moment- Flaps -0.5
Last edited:
